- Binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape.
- Binds reversibly to the active site, competing with the substrate.
- Forms a permanent covalent bond with the active site.
- Increases the enzyme's affinity for its substrate.
Category: Chemistry
- Can catalyze a wide variety of reactions.
- Have active sites that bind to a very limited range of substrates.
- Are unaffected by changes in pH.
- Are equally active at all temperatures.
- It causes the enzyme to denature.
- It increases the chances of enzyme-substrate collisions until all active sites are saturated.
- It directly increases the enzyme's optimal temperature.
- It decreases the activation energy of the reaction.
- High temperatures always denature the active site.
- Low temperatures always activate the enzyme.
- Temperature affects the kinetic energy of molecules, influencing the rate of enzyme-substrate collisions and, at high temperatures, the protein's tertiary structure.
- Enzymes are only active at extreme temperatures.
- Increased enzyme activity.
- Denaturation of the enzyme due to changes in ionization of amino acid side chains.
- Formation of stronger peptide bonds.
- Increased substrate specificity.
- The enzyme's active site is rigid and unchanging.
- The enzyme's active site undergoes a conformational change upon substrate binding, optimizing the fit.
- The substrate changes its shape to fit the active site.
- Enzymes are not specific to their substrates.
- The enzyme's active site is highly flexible and changes shape to fit the substrate.
- The enzyme's active site has a rigid, pre-formed shape that perfectly matches a specific substrate.
- Substrates can bind to any part of the enzyme.
- Enzymes can catalyze a wide range of reactions.
- Are consumed during the reactions they catalyze.
- Increase the activation energy of a reaction.
- Speed up the rate of biochemical reactions without being used up.
- Shift the equilibrium of a reaction.
- Excessive water intake.
- Impaired synthesis of plasma proteins (e.g., albumin) leading to decreased osmotic pressure in blood.
- Increased reabsorption of water by kidneys.
- Damage to muscle tissue causing fluid accumulation.
- Edema and fatty liver.
- Muscle wasting and emaciation due to overall calorie and protein deficit.
- Skin rashes and hair discoloration.
- Mental retardation.
- Can be synthesized by the human body in sufficient amounts.
- Are only found in plant-based foods.
- Cannot be synthesized by the human body and must be obtained from the diet.
- Are primarily involved in energy production.
- Ready energy for cellular respiration.
- Essential fatty acids.
- Amino acids, especially the essential ones, for building and repairing tissues.
- Vitamins and minerals.
- Bind oxygen tightly.
- Rapidly release iron for immediate use.
- Safely sequester large amounts of iron ions within its structure.
- Transport iron through the bloodstream.
- Store energy in their bonds.
- Form long, insoluble fibers that slide past each other.
- Transport ions across membranes.
- Catalyze metabolic reactions.
- Location within the cell.
- Amino acid sequence and precise three-dimensional folding.
- Rate of synthesis.
- Ability to withstand high temperatures.
- Fibrous structure.
- Flexible polypeptide chains allowing non-specific binding.
- Unique three-dimensional binding sites that precisely fit specific antigens.
- Simple amino acid composition.
- Is highly soluble in water.
- Contains iron atoms in its heme groups.
- Is composed of four separate polypeptide chains (subunits).
- Transports carbon dioxide.
- It is required for protein synthesis but cannot be made by the body.
- It is not required for protein synthesis in humans.
- It can be synthesized by the human body from other molecules.
- It is only found in animal products.
- Readily available glucose for energy.
- Essential building blocks for growth, repair, and synthesis of various biological molecules.
- Fiber for digestive health.
- Protective waxes and oils.
