- Carbonyl oxygen.
- Alpha-hydrogen.
- Hydroxyl group of the carboxyl function.
- Alkyl group.
Category: Chemistry
- Cooling the mixture.
- Adding a strong acid or base.
- Removing water from the reaction.
- Adding an oxidizing agent.
- CO2? and H2?O
- CO and H2?O
- CO, CO2? and H2?O
- Formic acid
- Acid chloride
- Ester
- Amide
- Carboxylic acid
- POCl3? and HCl
- H3?PO3? and HCl
- PCl3? and HCl
- P2?O5? and HCl
- An alkane with one less carbon.
- An alkene with twice the carbons.
- An alkane with double the carbons.
- An alcohol.
- Phenols having a more stable phenoxide ion.
- Carboxylate ions having two equivalent resonance structures.
- Phenols having stronger hydrogen bonding.
- Carboxylic acids being non-polar.
- Water
- Ammonia
- A primary amine
- An alcohol
- LiAlH4?
- NaBH4?
- DIBAL-H at low temperature
- H2?/Pd
- Acetic anhydride is formed.
- Acetamide is formed.
- Ethylamine is formed.
- Acetonitrile is formed.
- It is a stronger reducing agent than other carboxylic acids.
- It cannot be oxidized further.
- It does not form esters.
- It is a weaker acid than acetic acid.
- Inductive effect of the nitro group.
- Resonance effect of the nitro group.
- Both inductive and resonance electron-withdrawing effects of the nitro group.
- Steric hindrance by the nitro group.
- Propanone
- Propane
- Propanal
- Calcium propanoate
- Enzyme specificity.
- Cooperative binding, related to its quaternary structure.
- Irreversible denaturation.
- Competitive inhibition.
- The irreversible binding of substrate.
- The dynamic conformational changes that enzymes undergo during catalysis.
- The effect of temperature on enzyme activity.
- The requirement for cofactors.
- Dehydration synthesis.
- Enzymatic hydrolysis or denaturation.
- Polymerization.
- Genetic recombination.
- Placing it in distilled water.
- Exposing it to its optimal pH.
- Heating it far beyond its optimal temperature.
- Increasing substrate concentration.
- Structural.
- Transport.
- Hormonal.
- Immunological.
