- Hydrolysis.
- Condensation/Dehydration synthesis.
- Oxidation.
- Reduction.
Category: Macro Mulecule
- Breaking peptide bonds.
- Interfering with hydrophobic and ionic interactions.
- Inducing new disulfide bonds.
- Changing the amino acid sequence.
- Proteins store genetic information, nucleic acids are structural.
- Proteins are polymers of amino acids, nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides.
- Proteins contain phosphorus, nucleic acids do not.
- Proteins are only found in the nucleus, nucleic acids are found in the cytoplasm.
- Primary structure.
- Amino acid composition.
- Biological activity.
- Molecular weight.
- Molecular weight.
- Optimal pH.
- Specific three-dimensional shape.
- Amino acid quantity.
- Physical shape (fibrous/globular).
- Functional role (enzyme/hormone).
- Chemical composition and complexity.
- Solubility properties.
- Hydrogen bond formation.
- Disulfide bridge formation.
- The overall three-dimensional folding.
- Subunit assembly.
- Fibrinogen.
- Casein.
- Metaproteins.
- Hemoglobin.
- Redox reactions.
- Condensation reactions.
- Hydrolysis reactions.
- Isomerization reactions.
- On the surface of soluble proteins in the cytoplasm.
- Embedded within cell membranes.
- In the active site of a hydrolytic enzyme.
- As a hormonal signaling molecule.
- Be easily broken down for energy.
- Achieve specific and highly diverse functions through precise 3D arrangements.
- Dissolve in any solvent.
- Avoid denaturation in any condition.
- R-groups of amino acids.
- The peptide backbone atoms.
- Different polypeptide chains.
- Amino acids and prosthetic groups.
- They are polymers formed from smaller monomeric units.
- They are typically very large molecules.
- They are all soluble in nonpolar solvents.
- Their structure dictates their function.
- Specificity.
- Optimal temperature.
- Catalytic efficiency (lowering activation energy).
- Stability to denaturation.
- Glycosidic bonds.
- Ester bonds.
- Peptide bonds.
- Phosphodiester bonds.
- Increasing the enzyme concentration.
- Decreasing the temperature.
- Increasing the substrate concentration.
- Changing the pH.
- The number of enzyme molecules in a reaction.
- The number of substrate molecules converted to product per enzyme molecule per unit time.
- The total time an enzyme is active.
- The rate at which an enzyme denatures.
- Amino acid sequence.
- Peptide bonds.
- Prosthetic group.
- Hydrogen bonds.
