Category: BS Nursing

No.	Topics.	No.	Topics.
1.	Adult health nursing -II	2.	Adult Health Nursing 1
3.	Anatomy & Physialogy 1	4.	Anatomy & Physiology -II
5.	Antomy	6.	Applied Nutrition
7.	Behavioral Psychology	8.	Bio chemistry for nurses
9.	Clinical Practicum	10.	Community Health Nursing -I
11.	Community Health nursing -III	12.	Community Health Nursing-I
13.	Community Health-II	14.	computer skills
15.	Critical Care Nursing	16.	Cultural Health & Society
17.	Developmental Pcychology	18.	English -1 ( Fundamental English )
19.	English -III ( Technical & Presentation Skills )	20.	English -VI ( Academic Writing )
21.	English-II Communication Skills	22.	English-IV
23.	English-V	24.	English-VII ( Professional Writing )
25.	Epidemoilogy	26.	Fundamenatals Of Nursing -II
27.	Fundamental of nursing	28.	Health Assessement 1
29.	Health Assessment -II	30.	Introduction To Biostatistics
31.	Introduction to Nursing Theories	32.	Islamiat
33.	Leadership & management in Nursing	34.	Mathematics
35.	Microbiology	36.	Mrental Health Nursinig
37.	Nursing Ethics	38.	Nursing Research
39.	Pak Study	40.	Pathophysiology
41.	Pathophysiology-II	42.	Pediartic Health Nursing -II
43.	Pharmacology -I	44.	Pharmacology -II
45.	Teaching Learning Principles & Practice

5. A pharmaceutical company is comparing the efficacy of two drugs on a continuous outcome (e.g., cholesterol reduction). Assuming the data are normally distributed and samples are independent, which technical statistical test is most appropriate?

Paired t-test.
Chi-square test.
Independent samples t-test.
ANOVA.

3. A public health official needs to quickly summarize the number of new COVID-19 cases reported daily in a city. Which type of data is this technical example?

Nominal.
Ordinal.
Continuous.
Discrete.

4. In a critical situational context, a research team wants to determine if a new surgical technique is superior to the standard technique for reducing recovery time. Before initiating the trial, what statistical concept is urgently needed to ensure the study has a reasonable chance of detecting a true difference if one exists?

P-value.
Confidence interval.
Statistical power and sample size calculation.
Mean.

2. A medicinal researcher is studying the average blood pressure response to a new drug. Which measure of central tendency would be most appropriate if the data distribution is heavily skewed due to a few extreme responders?

Mean.
Median.
Mode.
Standard deviation.

1. A clinical trial for a new pain medication reports a p-value of 0.001. What is the technical interpretation of this p-value?

There is a 0.1% chance that the drug is ineffective.
The probability of observing results as extreme as, or more extreme than, those obtained, assuming the null hypothesis is true.
The probability that the null hypothesis is true.
The probability of making a Type I error.

200. A medicinal study is testing a new drug for pain relief. The null hypothesis states that the new drug has no effect. The alternative hypothesis states that the new drug has an effect (either increases or decreases pain relief). What technical type of hypothesis test is this?

One-tailed (right-tailed) test.
One-tailed (left-tailed) test.
Two-tailed test.
Directional test.

199. In a clinical study, researchers are interested in whether there is a linear relationship between a patient’s age (continuous) and their response to a drug measured on a continuous scale. Which technical regression coefficient quantifies the change in the outcome for a one-unit change in age?

Intercept.
Residual.
R-squared.
Slope coefficient (?1?).

197. A critical situational public health study investigates the impact of a new policy, but the study design doesn’t account for other simultaneous changes in the environment that could also affect the outcome. What is the urgency for a biostatistician’s caution?

To attribute all changes to the new policy.
To urgently highlight the potential for confounding and the need to consider and, if possible, adjust for other concurrent changes.
To ignore other factors.
To assume the policy is the only cause.

198. What technical term describes the measure of the “average” spread of data points from the mean, but adjusted for the sample size?

Standard deviation.
Variance.
Standard error of the mean.
Interquartile range.

196. A medicinal study reports a 95% confidence interval for the hazard ratio (HR) from a survival analysis as (0.6,0.9). What critical interpretation can be made?

The drug increases the hazard of the event.
The drug decreases the hazard of the event, and the result is statistically significant as the interval does not include 1.0.
The drug has no effect.
The hazard ratio is too high.

195. In a clinical study, researchers are comparing the proportion of patients who achieve remission (yes/no) across three different drug groups. Which technical statistical test is most appropriate?

Independent samples t-test.
Paired t-test.
Chi-square test of independence.
One-way ANOVA.

194. The technical concept of “alpha level” (or significance level) defines:

The probability of making a Type II error.
The probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis.
The threshold below which a p-value is considered statistically significant.
The power of the test.

192. A medicinal study reports a p-value of 0.0001 for a new drug’s effectiveness. What technical interpretation regarding the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis is most accurate?

There is very strong evidence against the null hypothesis.
There is weak evidence against the null hypothesis.
The null hypothesis is true.
The drug is harmful.

193. A critical situational clinical trial is planned to assess a new drug. The biostatistician notes that the proposed sample size is too small to detect a clinically meaningful difference. What is the urgency for intervention?

To proceed with the small sample size.
To urgently advise that an underpowered study is unethical and a waste of resources, as it has a high chance of missing a true effect (Type II error).
To only consider the cost of the trial.
To assume the drug will work anyway.

191. In a clinical study, researchers are interested in the mean hospital stay (continuous variable) for patients undergoing different types of surgery. Which technical statistical test is most appropriate for comparing means of more than two independent groups?

Independent samples t-test.
Paired t-test.
Chi-square test.
One-way ANOVA.

190. What technical term describes the distribution of all possible sample means that could be drawn from a population?

Population distribution.
Sample distribution.
Sampling distribution of the mean.
Normal distribution.

188. A medicinal study is designed to show that a new drug is better than an existing one by a specific margin. What technical type of hypothesis test is being performed?

Equivalence test.
Non-inferiority test.
Superiority test.
Association test.

189. A critical situational public health survey reports that “the average income in this region is $X.” However, the income distribution is highly skewed. What is the urgency for a biostatistician to advise using a different measure of central tendency?

To accept the mean as the best measure.
To urgently recommend using the median as a more robust measure of central tendency for skewed data to avoid misrepresenting the typical income.
To ignore the skewness.
To only use the mode.

187. A clinical researcher wants to compare the proportion of patients who discontinue treatment (yes/no) in a new drug group versus a standard care group. Which technical statistical test is most appropriate?

Independent samples t-test.
Paired t-test.
Chi-square test of independence.
One-way ANOVA.

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