- Continuous inflammation limited to the colon.
- Patchy, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the GI tract from mouth to anus.
- Ulceration limited to the mucosal layer of the rectum.
- Stricture formation only in the esophagus.
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- Undergo apoptosis.
- Shrink in size.
- Spread from the primary site to distant organs.
- Become well-differentiated.
- Absolute insulin deficiency due to autoimmune destruction.
- Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion.
- Excessive glucagon production.
- Pancreatic enzyme deficiency.
- Decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure.
- Increased plasma oncotic pressure.
- Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure due to fluid overload and decreased cardiac output.
- Increased lymphatic drainage.
- Antibodies.
- Endotoxins.
- Pyrogens (e.g., IL-1, TNF-alpha).
- Histamine.
- Allostasis.
- Homeostasis.
- Pathogenesis.
- Adaptation.
- Hypoxia.
- Free radicals.
- Chemical injury.
- Physical agents.
- Autoantibodies that attack the body's own tissues.
- Increased complement proteins.
- Decreased inflammatory mediators.
- Excessive B-cell suppression.
- Excessive use of loop diuretics.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with potassium shifting out of cells.
- Prolonged diarrhea.
- Cushing's syndrome.
- Excessive clot formation leading to widespread microvascular thrombosis and consumption of clotting factors, followed by bleeding.
- Only excessive bleeding with no clot formation.
- Increased production of platelets.
- Decreased fibrinolysis.
- Bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy.
- Alveolar wall destruction and loss of elastic recoil.
- Reversible airway inflammation.
- Increased mucus gland hyperplasia.
- Increased intravascular protein synthesis.
- Decreased capillary permeability.
- Increased capillary hydrostatic pressure and increased capillary permeability.
- Decreased lymphatic drainage.
- Autosomal dominant.
- Autosomal recessive.
- X-linked dominant.
- X-linked recessive.
- Rupture of a cerebral blood vessel.
- An embolus or thrombus obstructing cerebral blood flow.
- Vasospasm of cerebral arteries.
- Hypoxia due to respiratory failure.
- Bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and decreased mucus production.
- Bronchospasm, airway inflammation, and increased mucus production.
- Destruction of alveolar walls.
- Fluid accumulation in the pleural space.
- Respiratory acidosis.
- Metabolic acidosis.
- Respiratory alkalosis.
- Metabolic alkalosis.
- Alpha cells.
- Beta cells.
- Delta cells.
- Acinar cells.
- Malignant tumor.
- Benign tumor.
- Carcinoma in situ.
- Sarcoma.
- The rapid proliferation of genetically altered cells.
- The irreversible genetic alteration of a cell by a carcinogen.
- The spread of cancer cells to distant sites.
- The formation of a visible tumor.
