- ANOVA
- Chi-square test
- T-test
- Regression analysis
Category: BS Nursing
- A peer-reviewed journal article from 5 years ago.
- A textbook chapter from 10 years ago.
- A clinical practice guideline based on recent systematic reviews.
- An anecdotal report from a colleague.
- Errors in data analysis.
- A systematic difference between the participants selected for a study and the target population, or between treatment groups.
- A researcher's personal opinion.
- The difficulty in recruiting participants.
- Patient recruitment
- Research funding
- Post-market surveillance and drug safety profiles
- Data analysis complexity
- The ability to generalize findings to other settings.
- The consistency of the findings over time and across researchers.
- The accuracy of the interpretations.
- The relevance of the study to clinical practice.
- Patient-reported pain scores
- Different dosages of pain medication
- Patient age
- Gender of patients
- Participants behaving differently because they know they are being watched.
- The researcher's expectations or preconceived notions unintentionally influencing the observation or interpretation of data.
- The loss of participants from a study.
- Errors in statistical calculation.
- Expert opinion
- Cohort study
- Randomized controlled trial
- Case report
- To publish the final findings.
- To outline the plan for a research study for approval and funding.
- To analyze the data.
- To present the study's conclusions.
- The number of patients who need to experience an adverse event.
- The number of patients who need to be treated for one patient to benefit from an intervention.
- The total number of patients in a study.
- The number of treatments given per patient.
- Introduction
- Methods
- Results
- Discussion
- To test a specific hypothesis.
- To generalize findings to a large population.
- To investigate a little-understood phenomenon or problem to gain preliminary insights.
- To establish cause-and-effect relationships.
- Patients mistakenly believe they are receiving a guaranteed beneficial treatment, rather than being part of a research study with uncertain outcomes.
- Researchers misinterpret ethical guidelines.
- Patients believe they are being harmed by the research.
- Researchers are forced to provide therapy.
- Repeating a study with the same participants.
- Conducting a new study to confirm the findings of a previous study using similar methods.
- Publishing the same study in multiple journals.
- Analyzing data multiple times.
- Randomized controlled trial
- Cohort study
- Case study
- Survey research
- The intervention has no effect.
- The intervention is associated with 2.5 times higher odds of the outcome compared to the control.
- The intervention is associated with 2.5 times lower odds of the outcome.
- The sample size was too small.
- To collect all possible data.
- To select a subset of a population to represent the larger group, making research feasible.
- To ensure every individual participates.
- To increase the cost of research.
- A variable that is deliberately manipulated by the researcher.
- A variable that is measured as the outcome.
- An unmeasured variable that affects both the independent and dependent variables, potentially distorting the true relationship.
- A variable that is held constant.
- Relying on anecdotal evidence
- Implementing intuition
- Adhering to tradition
- Practicing evidence-based medicine
