– ETEA MCQs medical

No.	Topics.	No.	Topics.
1.	Adult health nursing -II	2.	Adult Health Nursing 1
3.	Anatomy & Physialogy 1	4.	Anatomy & Physiology -II
5.	Antomy	6.	Applied Nutrition
7.	Behavioral Psychology	8.	Bio chemistry for nurses
9.	Clinical Practicum	10.	Community Health Nursing -I
11.	Community Health nursing -III	12.	Community Health Nursing-I
13.	Community Health-II	14.	computer skills
15.	Critical Care Nursing	16.	Cultural Health & Society
17.	Developmental Pcychology	18.	English -1 ( Fundamental English )
19.	English -III ( Technical & Presentation Skills )	20.	English -VI ( Academic Writing )
21.	English-II Communication Skills	22.	English-IV
23.	English-V	24.	English-VII ( Professional Writing )
25.	Epidemoilogy	26.	Fundamenatals Of Nursing -II
27.	Fundamental of nursing	28.	Health Assessement 1
29.	Health Assessment -II	30.	Introduction To Biostatistics
31.	Introduction to Nursing Theories	32.	Islamiat
33.	Leadership & management in Nursing	34.	Mathematics
35.	Microbiology	36.	Mrental Health Nursinig
37.	Nursing Ethics	38.	Nursing Research
39.	Pak Study	40.	Pathophysiology
41.	Pathophysiology-II	42.	Pediartic Health Nursing -II
43.	Pharmacology -I	44.	Pharmacology -II
45.	Teaching Learning Principles & Practice

147. What technical term describes the ability of a screening test to correctly identify individuals who do have the disease?

Specificity.
Sensitivity.
Positive Predictive Value.
Negative Predictive Value.

148. A drug is recalled from the market due to unacceptable severe adverse effects identified through post-marketing surveillance. What medicinal epidemiological outcome does this represent?

A successful drug launch.
A regulatory failure.
A successful pharmacovigilance system detecting a significant safety signal.
A minor inconvenience for patients.

146. A national health surveillance system detects an unexpected increase in hospitalizations for severe pneumonia. What is the urgent epidemiological action?

Assume it is seasonal variation.
Initiate an investigation to determine if it is an emerging infectious disease or environmental cause.
Advise general public to get flu shot.
Only notify hospitals individually.

144. A cohort study on the effects of radiation exposure on cancer incidence is being conducted. What critical logistical challenge is often faced in such a study?

Identifying enough cases.
Long follow-up periods and potential loss to follow-up.
Controlling for confounding.
High cost of collecting exposure data.

145. A clinical research study is designed to evaluate a new surgical technique. What epidemiological approach helps control for potential bias from factors not measured or known?

Matching.
Stratification.
Randomization.
Restriction.

143. A new medicinal drug is being tested, and preliminary data show efficacy but also significant side effects. What critical ethical principle in epidemiology applies to the continued conduct of the trial?

Justice.
Beneficence (balancing benefits and harms).
Autonomy.
Non-maleficence only.

141. A public health warning is issued about a contaminated batch of a widely distributed food product causing severe illness. What is the urgent epidemiological action?

Ask people to stop eating all processed foods.
Issue an immediate recall of the contaminated product, and advise consumers to discard it and seek medical attention if ill.
Only warn the producer of the food product.
Wait for all contaminated products to be consumed.

142. What technical term describes the time between exposure to an infectious agent and the onset of symptoms?

Incubation period.
Latent period.
Communicable period.
Generation time.

140. In clinical screening, a test with high sensitivity but low specificity is generally used for what purpose?

To confirm a diagnosis.
To rule out a disease (screening test to identify as many true cases as possible).
To avoid false positives.
To identify only severe cases.

138. A new medicinal drug is found to cause a rare, severe adverse event. What critical measure indicates how many patients need to be exposed to the drug for one adverse event to occur?

Number Needed to Treat (NNT).
Number Needed to Harm (NNH).
Odds Ratio.
Relative Risk.

139. A study finds a statistical association between exposure to a cleaning product and respiratory problems. What critical Bradford Hill criterion for causation is particularly challenging to assess if the association is weak?

Strength of association.
Consistency.
Specificity.
Coherence.

137. What technical term describes the proportion of individuals in a population who are newly diagnosed with a disease during a specified period?

Point prevalence.
Period prevalence.
Incidence proportion (or cumulative incidence).
Incidence rate.

136. A rapidly growing cluster of respiratory illnesses is identified in a nursing home. What is the urgent epidemiological action?

Evacuate all residents from the nursing home.
Implement immediate infection control measures, cohort infected individuals, and test all residents and staff for the causative agent.
Only treat residents who develop severe symptoms.
Wait for the cluster to spread to nearby nursing homes.

134. A study on vaccine effectiveness reports a significant reduction in disease, but the control group (unvaccinated) was much healthier and less exposed to the disease overall. What critical type of bias is likely present?

Information bias.
Selection bias.
Observer bias.
Confounding.

135. A clinical researcher wants to conduct a study where the participants are unaware of their treatment assignment, but the research team is aware. What epidemiological technique is being used?

Double-blinding.
Triple-blinding.
Single-blinding.
Open-label.

133. A pharmaceutical company is conducting research on a drug in animal models before human testing. What medicinal phase of drug development is this?

Pre-clinical.
Phase I.
Phase II.
Phase III.

131. A patient presents with a highly unusual combination of symptoms that could indicate a novel infectious disease. What is the urgent clinical responsibility from an epidemiological perspective?

Wait for a definitive diagnosis before informing anyone.
Immediately isolate the patient, collect samples, and notify the local infectious disease control unit.
Treat symptomatically and discharge.
Refer to a general practitioner for routine follow-up.

132. What technical term describes a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly in a population?

Endemic.
Epidemic.
Pandemic.
Sporadic.

130. In clinical screening programs, a low Negative Predictive Value (NPV) means what for the patient?

Many false positive results.
Many false negative results, potentially leading to missed diagnoses.
Accurate diagnosis immediately.
No need for further testing.

Category: BS Nursing

147. What technical term describes the ability of a screening test to correctly identify individuals who do have the disease?

148. A drug is recalled from the market due to unacceptable severe adverse effects identified through post-marketing surveillance. What medicinal epidemiological outcome does this represent?

146. A national health surveillance system detects an unexpected increase in hospitalizations for severe pneumonia. What is the urgent epidemiological action?

144. A cohort study on the effects of radiation exposure on cancer incidence is being conducted. What critical logistical challenge is often faced in such a study?

145. A clinical research study is designed to evaluate a new surgical technique. What epidemiological approach helps control for potential bias from factors not measured or known?

143. A new medicinal drug is being tested, and preliminary data show efficacy but also significant side effects. What critical ethical principle in epidemiology applies to the continued conduct of the trial?

141. A public health warning is issued about a contaminated batch of a widely distributed food product causing severe illness. What is the urgent epidemiological action?

142. What technical term describes the time between exposure to an infectious agent and the onset of symptoms?

140. In clinical screening, a test with high sensitivity but low specificity is generally used for what purpose?

138. A new medicinal drug is found to cause a rare, severe adverse event. What critical measure indicates how many patients need to be exposed to the drug for one adverse event to occur?

139. A study finds a statistical association between exposure to a cleaning product and respiratory problems. What critical Bradford Hill criterion for causation is particularly challenging to assess if the association is weak?

137. What technical term describes the proportion of individuals in a population who are newly diagnosed with a disease during a specified period?

136. A rapidly growing cluster of respiratory illnesses is identified in a nursing home. What is the urgent epidemiological action?

134. A study on vaccine effectiveness reports a significant reduction in disease, but the control group (unvaccinated) was much healthier and less exposed to the disease overall. What critical type of bias is likely present?

135. A clinical researcher wants to conduct a study where the participants are unaware of their treatment assignment, but the research team is aware. What epidemiological technique is being used?

133. A pharmaceutical company is conducting research on a drug in animal models before human testing. What medicinal phase of drug development is this?

131. A patient presents with a highly unusual combination of symptoms that could indicate a novel infectious disease. What is the urgent clinical responsibility from an epidemiological perspective?

132. What technical term describes a disease that occurs infrequently and irregularly in a population?

130. In clinical screening programs, a low Negative Predictive Value (NPV) means what for the patient?

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