- Cellulitis.
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), requiring urgent anticoagulation to prevent pulmonary embolism.
- Muscle strain.
- Varicose veins.
Category: BS Nursing
- Localized clot formation.
- Widespread activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis, leading to simultaneous thrombosis and bleeding.
- Platelet destruction only.
- Hemolysis.
- Increased blood flow to the liver.
- Increased resistance to blood flow through the cirrhotic liver.
- Decreased cardiac output.
- Increased systemic blood pressure.
- To rule out pneumonia.
- To identify acute exacerbation of heart failure, often due to valvular dysfunction, requiring urgent medical management.
- To assess for DVT.
- To evaluate for allergic reaction.
- Neutralizes gastric acid.
- Irreversibly blocks the H+/K+-ATPase pump in gastric parietal cells, reducing acid secretion.
- Forms a protective barrier over the ulcer.
- Increases mucus production.
- To immediately start dialysis.
- To identify and urgently correct the underlying cause of hypoperfusion (e.g., fluid resuscitation, improving cardiac output).
- To administer loop diuretics.
- To prescribe antibiotics.
- Left-sided heart failure.
- Cor pulmonale (right-sided heart failure due to pulmonary hypertension).
- Renal failure.
- Liver cirrhosis.
- Antihistamine effect.
- Vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, and decreased mediator release from mast cells.
- Corticosteroid effect.
- Direct mast cell stabilization.
- To increase spontaneous breathing.
- To improve alveolar ventilation and oxygenation, and reduce the work of breathing.
- To cause bronchoconstriction.
- To prevent fluid accumulation.
- Lower UTI.
- Pyelonephritis (upper UTI), requiring urgent antibiotic treatment to prevent kidney damage and sepsis.
- Viral infection.
- Kidney stone.
- Excess cortisol.
- Aldosterone deficiency, leading to impaired renal potassium excretion.
- Increased potassium intake.
- Decreased renin.
- Immediate surgery.
- Conservative management with NPO, IV fluids, and nasogastric tube until bowel function returns.
- Oral laxatives.
- Administration of opioids only.
- Acute inflammation of nerve endings.
- Damage to nerve fibers due to chronic hyperglycemia and microvascular complications.
- Demyelination due to autoimmune attack.
- Compression of spinal nerves.
- Atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle.
- Rapid ventricular filling in a dilated and failing ventricle.
- Valvular stenosis.
- Pericardial friction rub.
- To reduce heart rate.
- To increase systemic vascular resistance and blood pressure to improve tissue perfusion.
- To decrease cardiac output.
- To increase urine output.
- To retain CO2?.
- To increase CO2? excretion to compensate for the metabolic acidosis.
- To increase oxygen intake.
- To decrease respiratory rate.
- Increased bone density.
- Reduced bone density and structural integrity, leading to increased fracture risk.
- Increased bone formation.
- Normal bone remodeling.
- Pre-renal AKI.
- Intrinsic (intra-renal) AKI.
- Post-renal AKI.
- Chronic kidney disease.
- Myocardial infarction.
- Pneumothorax.
- Aortic dissection, requiring urgent surgical consultation and blood pressure control.
- Pulmonary embolism.
