- external environment directly
- coelom
- digestive tract (gut)
- bloodstream
Category: Biology etea medical mcqs
- do not produce metabolic wastes
- have a specialized excretory organ system
- can store wastes in dead tissues like xylem and leaves
- excrete only gaseous wastes
- photosynthetic products
- essential nutrients
- excretory products
- respiratory gases
- pure water
- sugars and dissolved salts
- metabolic wastes
- chlorophyll
- high solubility in water
- low toxicity and extensive water conservation
- high toxicity
- ease of production
- ammonia
- urea
- uric acid
- creatinine
- transpiration only
- guttation and deposition in leaves/bark
- urination
- filtration
- digestion
- osmoregulation (expelling excess water)
- nutrient absorption
- locomotion
- nephrons
- contractile vacuoles
- kidneys
- Malpighian tubules
- Malpighian tubules
- cell membrane and contractile vacuole
- nephrons
- flame cells
- the first stage of chronic kidney disease
- acute nephritis
- end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
- the point of having one kidney stone
- an inflamed bladder
- kidney stones
- kidney failure
- a urinary tract infection
- intestinal lumen
- liver
- blood in the peritoneal capillaries
- stomach
- anuria (no urine)
- polyuria (excess urine)
- proteinuria (protein in urine)
- glycosuria (glucose in urine)
- renin
- aldosterone
- erythropoietin (EPO)
- ADH
- drinking too much water
- a diet high in oxalate-rich foods and dehydration
- a low-calcium diet
- frequent exercise
- bladder
- urethra
- renal pelvis and kidney tissue
- ureters
