- RNA is more stable than DNA
- RNA probes can detect gene expression (i.e., if a gene is actively making mRNA)
- RNA probes do not require a tag
- RNA is double-stranded
Category: Biology etea medical mcqs
- has been used to produce traditional vaccines
- is used for diagnostic testing
- has had a foreign gene deliberately inserted into its genome (e.g., goats that produce a human protein in their milk)
- is a hybrid of two different species
- common to all viruses
- highly immunogenic but not pathogenic
- very small in size
- resistant to all antibodies
- specific, variable regions of an individual's DNA
- the person's actual fingerprints
- proteins found in the blood
- the person's hair color gene
- enhance the immune response to the antigen
- preserve the vaccine during storage
- make the injection painless
- act as the primary antigen
- introducing a functional copy of the gene into the patient's lung cells
- providing the patient with the correct protein via an inhaler
- creating a vaccine against the faulty protein
- using monoclonal antibodies to destroy the faulty protein
- how many people receive the vaccine
- the percentage reduction of disease in a vaccinated group compared to an unvaccinated group
- the number of side effects it causes
- the cost of the vaccine
- cancer-causing genes (oncogenes)
- cancer cells in the blood
- tumor antigens (proteins) in a patient's sample
- viruses that cause cancer
- folded correctly to be biologically active
- produced in very small quantities
- mixed with bacterial proteins
- unstable and breaks down quickly
- amplified by PCR
- separated by gel electrophoresis and transferred to a membrane
- injected into a patient
- used to create a vaccine
- the antibody produced by the immune system
- a molecule (often a protein or polysaccharide) from a pathogen that triggers an immune response
- the fluid component of the vaccine
- a cell of the immune system
- the strength of the sugar-phosphate backbone
- the specific base-pairing rules (A with T, G with C)
- the electrical charge of the DNA molecule
- the number of genes in the genome
- Recombinant insulin
- Monoclonal antibodies
- Aspirin (originally from willow bark, now synthesized chemically)
- Human growth hormone
- diabetes
- emphysema
- hemophilia
- heart attacks
- eliminating the risk of the pathogen reverting to a disease-causing state
- being administered without needles
- only including the necessary antigens to provoke an immune response
- using a much smaller dose than other vaccines
- the patient has the mutation
- the test is inconclusive
- the patient's DNA does not have the sequence complementary to the probe
- the probe was too long
- be a one-time, permanent cure rather than a lifelong treatment
- be completely free of any side effects
- work for all types of diseases, including infections
- be administered without a doctor's help
- the actual viral protein (antigen)
- a live, weakened virus
- a plasmid containing the gene for a viral antigen
- pre-made antibodies against the virus
- derived from a mixture of different B-cells
- produced by a clone of a single, specific hybridoma cell
- naturally found in the blood of all healthy individuals
- made from plant extracts
